What is back projection in image processing?
Back Projection is a way of recording how well the pixels of a given image fit the distribution of pixels in a histogram model. To make it simpler: For Back Projection, you calculate the histogram model of a feature and then use it to find this feature in an image.
How is a Sinogram created?
In CT and SPECT imaging, a sinogram is generated by rotating detectors around a patient, and storing the detected projection profiles at each angle in the sinogram, as depicted in the gif above.