What equation predicts the amplitudes of harmonics from a square/triangle/sawtooth/pulse oscillator?

1. What is the amplitude of first harmonic?
2. How many harmonics does a square wave have?
3. Which harmonics are not available in the FFT frequency spectrum of a square wave with 50% duty cycle?
4. Which sine waves make up a sawtooth wave?

What is the amplitude of first harmonic?

We investigate the anharmonicity of a large amplitude pendulum and develop a novel technique to detect the high Fourier components as a function of the amplitude for large amplitudes close to 180°.

How many harmonics does a square wave have?

Note that only the first 6 harmonics are shown individually but 10 harmonics are used to generate the square wave.

Which harmonics are not available in the FFT frequency spectrum of a square wave with 50% duty cycle?

These particular harmonics are missing from the square wave because of its duty cycle . A duty cycle is the percentage of the waveform that occurs above the zero axis. The duty cycle of a square wave is always 50%, or 1/2. Because the duty cycle is 1/2, every second harmonic is not present.

Which sine waves make up a sawtooth wave?

Creating a sawtooth wave out of 2 to n sine waves is an example of additive synthesis. Additive synthesis is the technique of adding sine waves together to create complex sounds and timbres.