The error probability of 16QAM

1. What is probability error in QAM?
2. How many bits of data are in 16-QAM?
3. What is the symbol rate of 16-QAM?
4. How many phases are there in 16-QAM?

What is probability error in QAM?

The error probability is written as a double Laplace inversion integral and can be easily applied to any rectangular constellation. This integral is calculated by extending the saddlepoint integration technique to two complex dimensions. Results are presented for QAM systems with 16, 64, and 256 symbols.

How many bits of data are in 16-QAM?

Each symbol in the constellation contains up to 4 bits (0s and 1s) in a 16-QAM scheme. Therefore, the number of combinations that are possible using 4 binary bits is 24 = 16, with each state or symbol containing a value from 0000 to 1111.

What is the symbol rate of 16-QAM?

The 16 qam bits per symbol are 4 (four). This means in 16-QAM each symbol represents 4 bits as mentioned in the 16-QAM constellation diagram above. For example if the input is 1010 then the output is (-3-j*3)*KMOD. Typically KMOD is 1/root (10) for 16-QAM.

How many phases are there in 16-QAM?

A Constellation diagram is used to plot those symbols in rectangular space. The 16-QAM design has 4 amplitudes and 12 phases.