Summing over constants [closed]

1. Can constants be taken out of summation?
2. How to do summation of a constant?
3. What is sigma XY in statistics?

Can constants be taken out of summation?

X(s) = X(H, H) + X(H, T)=2. xi. In other words, you can take a constant “out of the summation”. This is nothing more than taking a constant out of brackets.

How to do summation of a constant?

The sum of a constant is equal to N times the constant. then the summation sign may be taken inside the parentheses. then the addition and subtraction signs should be reversed. then the constant is multiplied times the sum of the variable.

What is sigma XY in statistics?

❖ ΣY = sum of Y values. 6+2+4+3+5 = 20. ❖ ΣXY = sum of XY products.