Log-normal shadowing example

1. What is log normal shadowing?
2. What is log normal fading?
3. What is the difference between log distance path loss model and log normal shadowing?
4. What are the causes of shadowing in wireless channel?

What is log normal shadowing?

The log-normal distribution describes the random shadowing effects which occur over a large number of measurement locations which have the same T-R separation, but have different levels of clutter on the propagation path. This phenomenon is referred to as log -normal shadowing.

What is log normal fading?

Log-Normal Fading (Shadowing)

Experimentally it has been found that the path loss in cluttered multipath environments is log-normally distributed. This means that the log of the path loss (for example, the path loss expressed in dB) has a nor- mal distribution.

What is the difference between log distance path loss model and log normal shadowing?

Log distance path loss model

The model encompasses random shadowing effects due to signal blockage by hills, trees, buildings etc. It is also referred as log normal shadowing model. for a large cell.

What are the causes of shadowing in wireless channel?

Shadowing is caused by obstacles between the transmitter and receiver that attenuate signal power through absorption, reflection, scattering, and diffraction.