Improving the intuition for the 2d fourier transform

1. What is the intuition behind Fourier transform?
2. How do you overcome the limitation of a Fourier transform?
3. What does a 2D Fourier transform do?

What is the intuition behind Fourier transform?

The Fourier Transform equation is essentially a measurement of the energy (i.e. strength of prevalence) of a particular frequency within a signal. In practice, we can use this notion to sweep over a range of frequencies, and quantify how dominant each particular frequency is within the original signal.

How do you overcome the limitation of a Fourier transform?

The solution to this is time-frequency analysis, which is a field that deals with signal processing in both time and frequency domain.

What does a 2D Fourier transform do?

The Fourier Transform ( in this case, the 2D Fourier Transform ) is the series expansion of an image function ( over the 2D space domain ) in terms of "cosine" image (orthonormal) basis functions.