What is Gaussian beam profile?
Gaussian beams form the basis of Gaussian beam optics. A Gaussian beam remains Gaussian at every point along its path of propagation through an optical system. This makes it particularly easy to visualize the distribution of a field at any point in the system.
What are the properties of Gaussian beam?
Gaussian beams have a Gaussian intensity profile at any location along the beam axis (at least within the paraxial approximation); only the beam radius varies. A Gaussian beam remains Gaussian also after passing simple kinds of optical elements (e.g. lenses without optical aberrations).