Channel gain and path loss

1. What is channel gains?
2. What is path loss in networking?
3. What is the path loss in satellite communication?
4. What are the main differences between path loss and shadowing?

What is channel gains?

Channel Gain or Single-Noise-Ratio (SNR) The channel gain H of a wireless channel (S,R) is defined by: Y= H X + Z, where X is the signal sent by S, Y is the signal received by R and Z ~ N(0,1) is the noise term.

What is path loss in networking?

Path loss, which measures the loss of energy of a wave propagating between the transmitter and the receiver, is the main parameter in the design of wireless networks.

What is the path loss in satellite communication?

Path loss is a dilution of the transmitted energy as the radiated wavefront expands during its travel from transmitter antenna to receiver antenna. For example, when communicating from Earth to a geosynchronous satellite (at an altitude of 37,786 km) at S-band (∼2 GHz, λ ≈ 0.15 m), the path loss term is−190 dB.

What are the main differences between path loss and shadowing?

Received power variation due to path loss occurs over long distances (100–1000 m), whereas variation due to shadowing occurs over distances that are proportional to the length of the obstructing object (10–100 m in outdoor environments and less in indoor environments).