Average symbol energy 16-qam

Calculate the average transmitted energy Eav per symbol: The average transmitted energy in a 16-QAM signal is Eav = (8x64) + (1x8) = 128.6 dBm.

1. What is energy per symbol?
2. How many bits in 16 QAM?
3. What is 16 QAM modulation?

What is energy per symbol?

Energy per symbol. This is the total signal power divided by the symbol rate, R_s. E_c. Energy in a single coded bit, or bit into the FEC decoder. E_c is related to E_s by the modulation type, specifically the number of coded bits per symbol, k.

How many bits in 16 QAM?

Each symbol in the constellation contains up to 4 bits (0s and 1s) in a 16-QAM scheme. Therefore, the number of combinations that are possible using 4 binary bits is 24 = 16, with each state or symbol containing a value from 0000 to 1111.

What is 16 QAM modulation?

16 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation. This is a modulation technique in which the carrier can exist in one of sixteen different states. As such, each state can represent four bits – 0000 through to 1111, per symbol change. If you enjoy using our glossary, here are some other useful resources you might like...